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Difference between chiller and heat pump

The main difference between a chiller and a heat pump lies in their purpose and function:


Chiller vs. Heat Pump — Quick Comparison


FeatureChillerHeat Pump
Primary FunctionRemoves heat to cool water or airCan cool or heat by reversing the cycle
Operation CycleAlways moves heat outCan reverse cycle (cooling & heating)
OutputChilled water (typically 4–10°C)Chilled water or hot water/air
Heating?No (cooling only)Yes (acts like a heater in reverse mode)
ApplicationsIndustrial cooling, HVAC (cooling only)HVAC (cooling and heating)
Energy RecoveryNo heat recovery by defaultCan recover waste heat for heating
ComponentsEvaporator, compressor, condenser, expansion valveSame components + reversing valve (for switching modes)


What Is a Chiller?

A chiller is a system that removes heat from a process or space and transfers it elsewhere, typically using vapor-compression refrigeration. It produces chilled water (or coolant) for air conditioning or industrial cooling.


Air-cooled chillers: reject heat to the air

Water-cooled chillers: reject heat via a cooling tower


Used in: large buildings, industrial cooling, food processing, plastic molding.


What Is a Heat Pump?

A heat pump is a system that can both cool and heat by reversing the refrigeration cycle. In cooling mode, it works like a chiller or AC. In heating mode, it extracts heat from outside (even cold air) and transfers it indoors.


Air-source heat pumps: absorb/release heat from air

Water-source or geothermal: use ground or water sources


Used in: residential & commercial HVAC, underfloor heating, and sustainable energy systems.


Difference between chiller and heat pump

How to choose chillers and heat pumps in different situations?

When to Choose a Chiller

● Choose a chiller when:


1. Cooling-only requirement

Example: Server rooms, process cooling in factories, large cold storage.


2. High cooling load with no need for heating

Air-cooled chillers: Easier installation, better for small-medium applications.

Water-cooled chillers: More efficient for large buildings but needs cooling towers.


3.  Industrial use

Precision temperature control for equipment or chemical processes.


4. Climate is hot and no space heating is needed.


When to Choose a Heat Pump

● Choose a heat pump when:


1. Both heating and cooling are needed


Great for homes, office buildings, hospitals, hotels, etc.

Reduces the need for separate systems.


2. Mild to moderate climates


Air-source heat pumps work best above -5°C (23°F).

In colder climates, consider ground-source (geothermal) or hybrid systems.


3. Energy efficiency is a priority


Heat pumps can be up to 300–400% efficient (COP > 3).


4. Sustainability goals


Heat pumps use electricity and can integrate with renewable energy.


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